使用gfortran+f2py编译后在Jupyter导入.so文件遇符号缺失错误

• 环境：搭载Ventura 13.6.9系统的iMac，通过Macports安装Python与GCC
• 核心问题：使用gfortran和f2py编译Fortran代码生成*.so文件后，在Jupyter中导入时报错Symbol not found: __gfortran_compare_string（Python 3.12环境下具体报错为__gfortran_set_args）
• 已尝试版本：gcc11、gcc12、gcc14以及python3.11、3.12、3.13均存在相同问题，仅Python 3.7可正常配合f2py使用

极简复现案例 #

1. Fortran代码文件 Trial.f #

program Trial
   call Check()
  end
  subroutine Check()
    print *, 'Hello World'
   return
  end

2. 编译命令（两种方式结果一致） #

f2py --fcompiler=/opt/local/bin/gfortran-mp-14 -L/opt/local/lib/gcc14  -c -m Trial_Py Trial.f
f2py -c -m Trial_Py Trial.f

3. f2py识别gfortran的特殊处理 #

必须在PATH路径下的my_bin文件夹中创建符号链接：

ln -s /opt/local/bin/gfortran-mp-14 /path/to/my_bin/gfortran

否则即便/opt/local/bin在PATH中，f2py仍无法找到gfortran-mp-14

4. Python 3.12环境Jupyter导入错误信息 #

执行导入语句：

import Trial_Py

报错：

ImportError                        Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[1], line 1
----> 1 import Trial_Py

ImportError: dlopen(/Users/dany/TMP/Trial_Py.cpython-312-darwin.so, 0x0002): Symbol not found: __gfortran_set_args
Referenced from: <6F42A5D4-A263-370E-9CA6-B0968DE5C17D> /Users/dany/TMP/Trial_Py.cpython-312-darwin.so
Expected in:      unknown

当前libgfortran文件状态 #

所有相关libgfortran文件均指向同一份文件：

-rwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  1778544  Aug 12  2024 /opt/local/lib/libgcc/libgfortran.5.dylib
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  19           Aug 12  2024 /opt/local/lib/libgcc/libgfortran.dylib -> libgfortran.5.dylib
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  19           Aug 12  2024 /opt/local/lib/gcc14/libgfortran.dylib -> libgfortran.5.dylib
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  41           Aug 12  2024 /opt/local/lib/gcc14/libgfortran.5.dylib -> /opt/local/lib/libgcc/libgfortran.5.dylib

环境变量LIBRARY_PATH为空。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dany Page