Maven构建失败报错java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError求助

问题详情 #

我在创建Spring Boot应用时，构建项目一直报这个错：

java: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError com.sun.tools.javac.code.TypeTag :: UNKNOWN

排查后发现问题出在pom.xml里，已经清理了IntelliJ自动生成的冗余内容，下面是原始和修改后的pom.xml片段，当前用的是JDK 24（MacBook上安装的Java版本也是24）。

原始pom.xml片段 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>app</groupId>
    <artifactId>VirtualCM</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>VirtualCM</name>
    <description>VirtualCM</description>
    <url/>
    <licenses>
        <license/>
    </licenses>
    <developers>
        <developer/>
    </developers>
    <scm>
        <connection/>
        <developerConnection/>
        <tag/>
        <url/>
    </scm>
    <properties>
        <java.version>24</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <annotationProcessorPaths>
                        <path>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </path>
                    </annotationProcessorPaths>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

修改后pom.xml片段 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>app</groupId>
    <artifactId>VirtualCM</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>VirtualCM</name>
    <description>VirtualCM</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>24</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.release>24</maven.compiler.release>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.9.0</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

问题分析与修复方案 #

这个报错核心原因是Maven编译器插件版本过低，不支持JDK 24，加上修改后移除了Lombok的注解处理器配置，进一步触发了编译冲突。

具体修复步骤： #

1. 升级Maven Compiler Plugin到支持JDK 24的版本
   3.9.0版本不兼容JDK 24，直接升级到3.13.0及以上版本（Spring Boot 3.4.x的parent已经管理了兼容的版本，也可以手动指定）。

2. 恢复Lombok注解处理器配置
   必须在maven-compiler-plugin里配置annotationProcessorPaths，否则Lombok无法在编译时生成代码，还会和JDK 24的编译逻辑冲突。

3. 还原PostgreSQL的runtime scope
   把postgresql依赖的<scope>runtime</scope>加回去，这个配置是合理的，只需要在运行时加载驱动。

修复后的关键pom.xml片段 #

<properties>
    <java.version>24</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <!-- 恢复postgresql的runtime scope -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
        <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 其他依赖保持不变 -->
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.13.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <annotationProcessorPaths>
                    <path>
                        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        <version>${lombok.version}</version> <!-- 使用parent管理的版本 -->
                    </path>
                </annotationProcessorPaths>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>
                        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                    </exclude>
                </excludes>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

后续验证操作 #

• 执行mvn clean install清理并重新构建项目
• 检查IntelliJ的Project Structure，确认Project SDK和Module SDK都是JDK 24
• 刷新Maven依赖：右键项目 → Maven → Reload Project

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Daniel Quiroga