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Spring3+Hibernate6迁移时H2数据库主键约束冲突问题排查

Spring 3+Hibernate6迁移H2数据库主键冲突问题排查与解决

问题背景

我们正从Spring 2.x.x(搭配Hibernate 5)迁移到Spring 3.x.x(搭配Hibernate 6),使用H2数据库做测试时遇到唯一键约束冲突问题,此前Spring2环境下运行正常。

相关代码与配置

实体类

@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
@Entity
@ToString
@Table(name = "category_config")
public class CategoryConfig extends BaseEntity {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @NotNull(groups = Existing.class)
    @Null(groups = New.class)
    private Long categoryConfigId;
}

服务类

public CategoryConfig addCategory(CategoryConfig categoryConfig,String tenantId) {
    log.info(" info categoryConfig {} ", categoryConfig);
    if (categoryConfig == null||categoryConfig.getDeptNbr()==null) {
        throw new AllocationRuntimeException(ErrorCodes.CATEGORY_NUMBER_MANDATORY.getError());
    }
    categoryConfig.setTenantId(tenantId);
    categoryConfig.setAllocationStatus(ItemSetupAllocationStatus.PROGRESS.getValue());
    categoryConfig.setItemType(ItemType.INSEASON.getValue());
    try {
        return categoryConfigRepository.save(categoryConfig);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new AllocationRuntimeException(e,
                ErrorCodes.CATEGORY_NUMBER_ALREADY_CONFIGURED.getError(categoryConfig.getDeptNbr()));
    }
}

H2配置

spring:
    cloud:
        gcp:
          core:
            enabled: false
          bigquery:
            datasetName: test
            project-id: test
            enabled: false
        azure:
           storage:
              blob:
                storage-url: https://test.blob.core.windows.net
    datasource:
        driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
        url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE
        username:
        password:
    jpa:
        defer-datasource-initialization: true
        database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
        show-sql: true
        properties:
            hibernate:
                format_sql: true
                ddl-auto: update

测试数据(H2初始化脚本)

INSERT INTO category_config(category_config_id, dept_nbr, dept_desc, created_by, created_on, last_updated_by, last_updated_on, sum_need_qty_cdf, sum_need_qty_legacy, allocated_items, wk_supply, wk_supply_legacy, allocation_description, inherit_global_decile, isVLTRequired, tenant_id, allocation_status, item_type, current_doh) VALUES(1, 202, 'edit cat test', 's0k06wm', '2022-08-26', 's0k06wm', '2022-08-26', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'sams_us', 'Allocation available', 'inseason,preseason',7)
INSERT INTO category_config(category_config_id, dept_nbr, dept_desc, created_by, created_on, last_updated_by, last_updated_on, sum_need_qty_cdf, sum_need_qty_legacy, allocated_items, wk_supply, wk_supply_legacy, allocation_description, inherit_global_decile, isVLTRequired, tenant_id, allocation_status, item_type, current_doh) VALUES(2, 12, 'cat test 12', 's0k06wm', '2022-08-26', 's0k06wm', '2022-08-26', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'sams_mx', 'Allocation available', 'inseason',8)
INSERT INTO category_config(category_config_id, dept_nbr, dept_desc, created_by, created_on, last_updated_by, last_updated_on, sum_need_qty_cdf, sum_need_qty_legacy, allocated_items, wk_supply, wk_supply_legacy, allocation_description, inherit_global_decile, isVLTRequired, tenant_id, allocation_status, item_type, current_doh) VALUES(3, 14, 'cat test 14', 's0k06wm', '2022-08-26', 's0k06wm', '2022-08-26', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'sams_mx', 'Allocation available', 'inseason,preseason',8)
INSERT INTO category_config(category_config_id, dept_nbr, dept_desc, created_by, created_on, last_updated_by, last_updated_on, sum_need_qty_cdf, sum_need_qty_legacy, allocated_items, wk_supply, wk_supply_legacy, allocation_description, inherit_global_decile, isVLTRequired, tenant_id, allocation_status, item_type, current_doh) VALUES(4, 7, 'JUGUETES', 's0k06wm', '2022-08-26', 's0k06wm', '2022-08-26', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'sams_mx', 'Allocation available', 'inseason,preseason',8)
INSERT INTO category_config(category_config_id, dept_nbr, dept_desc, created_by, created_on, last_updated_by, last_updated_on, sum_need_qty_cdf, sum_need_qty_legacy, allocated_items, wk_supply, wk_supply_legacy, allocation_description, inherit_global_decile, isVLTRequired, tenant_id, allocation_status, item_type, current_doh) VALUES(5, 1990, 'edit cat test', 's0r0e4g', '2023-05-30', 's0r0e4g', '2023-05-30', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'sams_us', 'Allocation available', 'inseason',8)
INSERT INTO category_config(category_config_id, dept_nbr, dept_desc, created_by, created_on, last_updated_by, last_updated_on, sum_need_qty_cdf, sum_need_qty_legacy, allocated_items, wk_supply, wk_supply_legacy, allocation_description, inherit_global_decile, isVLTRequired, tenant_id, allocation_status, item_type, current_doh) VALUES(6, 5000, 'test cat', 's0k06wm', '2022-08-26', 's0k06wm', '2022-08-26', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'sams_mx', 'Allocation available', 'inseason,preseason',8)

报错信息

could not execute statement [Unique index or primary key violation: "PRIMARY KEY ON PUBLIC.CATEGORY_CONFIG(CATEGORY_CONFIG_ID) ( /* key:1 */ NULL, 7, NULL, 202, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, CAST(1 AS BIGINT), TIMESTAMP '2022-08-26 00:00:00', TIMESTAMP '2022-08-26 00:00:00', NULL, 'Allocation available', 's0k06wm', 'edit cat test', 'inseason,preseason', 's0k06wm', 'sams_us')"; SQL statement:
insert into category_config (allocated_items,allocation_description,allocation_status,created_by,created_on,current_doh,current_stock_pct,dept_desc,dept_nbr,inherit_global_decile,isvltrequired,item_type,last_updated_by,last_updated_on,margin_onhand,profit,sales_amt,sales_qty,sum_need_qty_cdf,sum_need_qty_legacy,tenant_id,total_oh_qty,wk_supply,wk_supply_legacy,category_config_id) values (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,default) [23505-224]] [insert into category_config (allocated_items,allocation_description,allocation_status,created_by,created_on,current_doh,current_stock_pct,dept_desc,dept_nbr,inherit_global_decile,isvltrequired,item_type,last_updated_by,last_updated_on,margin_onhand,profit,sales_amt,sales_qty,sum_need_qty_cdf,sum_need_qty_legacy,tenant_id,total_oh_qty,wk_supply,wk_supply_legacy,category_config_id) values (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,default)]; SQL [insert into category_config (allocated_items,allocation_description,allocation_status,created_by,created_on,current_doh,current_stock_pct,dept_desc,dept_nbr,inherit_global_decile,isvltrequired,item_type,last_updated_by,last_updated_on,margin_onhand,profit,sales_amt,sales_qty,sum_need_qty_cdf,sum_need_qty_legacy,tenant_id,total_oh_qty,wk_supply,wk_supply_legacy,category_config_id) values (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,default)]; constraint [PRIMARY KEY]

疑问

  • Hibernate 6中GenerationType.IDENTITY是否存在兼容问题?
  • 调用save方法时传入的categoryConfigId为null,且未在H2中显式创建表(之前版本无需此操作),是否与此问题相关?

问题分析与解决方案

核心原因

Hibernate 6对GenerationType.IDENTITY的处理逻辑有变化:

  • Hibernate 5中,使用IDENTITY策略时,会让数据库自动生成主键值,插入语句不会显式包含主键字段;
  • Hibernate 6则会在插入语句中把主键字段设为default(如报错SQL里的category_config_id值为default),但H2数据库中,手动插入带主键的数据后,IDENTITY序列的起始值并未同步更新,导致新插入时数据库尝试生成的主键值(比如从1开始)和已存在的主键冲突。

另外,ddl-auto: update在Hibernate6中的行为更严格,虽然会自动创建表,但不会自动调整IDENTITY序列的起始值,这和Hibernate5的处理不同。

解决步骤

  1. 同步IDENTITY序列起始值
    在初始化数据的SQL脚本末尾添加语句,手动设置H2表的IDENTITY序列起始值为现有最大主键+1:

    ALTER TABLE category_config ALTER COLUMN category_config_id RESTART WITH 7;
    

    (现有数据的最大category_config_id是6,所以从7开始)

  2. 调整Hibernate配置(可选)
    如果不想手动维护序列起始值,可以添加Hibernate配置强制使用数据库的IDENTITY生成逻辑:

    spring:
      jpa:
        properties:
          hibernate:
            id:
              new_generator_mappings: false
    

    该配置会让Hibernate 6退回到类似Hibernate5的IDENTITY处理方式,避免显式在插入语句中包含主键字段。

  3. 验证表结构生成
    可以通过H2控制台检查表结构,确认category_config_id字段确实被标记为IDENTITY(自增)。如果结构异常,可临时将ddl-auto改为create-drop测试,再改回update。

总结

这个问题本质是Hibernate6对IDENTITY策略的实现变化,加上H2数据库的自增序列未被初始化脚本同步更新导致的冲突。通过同步序列起始值或调整Hibernate配置即可解决。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange,提问作者PAMPA ROY

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最近更新时间:2026.06.13 12:32:34