Android Groovy项目中Kotlin类重复构建错误求助

背景 #

我决定尝试用Groovy、Gradle和IntelliJ IDEA开发一款Android应用（选Groovy是因为我更熟悉它）。我此前从未写过任何Android代码。

IntelliJ IDEA为我生成了src文件夹，里面包含main文件夹，main下又有groovy、java和resources文件夹。

不过在边学边做Android开发的过程中，我发现必须创建app文件夹，并按如下方式配置Gradle文件：

build.gradle（根目录） #

plugins {
    id 'groovy'

    /**
     * Use `apply false` in the top-level build.gradle file to add a Gradle
     * plugin as a build dependency but not apply it to the current (root)
     * project. Don't use `apply false` in sub-projects. For more information,
     * see Applying external plugins with same version to subprojects.
     */

    id 'com.android.application' version '8.6.0' apply false
    id 'com.android.library' version '8.6.0' apply false
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' version '2.1.10' apply false
}

group = 'com.mikewarren.notificationRead'
version = '1.0-SNAPSHOT'

repositories {
    google()
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'org.apache.groovy:groovy:4.0.14'
    testImplementation platform('org.junit:junit-bom:5.10.0')
    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter'
}

test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

settings.gradle #

// SOURCE: https://developer.android.com/build#settings-file

pluginManagement {

    /**
     * The pluginManagement.repositories block configures the
     * repositories Gradle uses to search or download the Gradle plugins and
     * their transitive dependencies. Gradle pre-configures support for remote
     * repositories such as JCenter, Maven Central, and Ivy. You can also use
     * local repositories or define your own remote repositories. Here we
     * define the Gradle Plugin Portal, Google's Maven repository,
     * and the Maven Central Repository as the repositories Gradle should use to look for its
     * dependencies.
     */

    repositories {
        gradlePluginPortal()
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}
dependencyResolutionManagement {

    /**
     * The dependencyResolutionManagement.repositories
     * block is where you configure the repositories and dependencies used by
     * all modules in your project, such as libraries that you are using to
     * create your application. However, you should configure module-specific
     * dependencies in each module-level build.gradle file. For new projects,
     * Android Studio includes Google's Maven repository and the Maven Central
     * Repository by default, but it does not configure any dependencies (unless
     * you select a template that requires some).
     */

    repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.PREFER_SETTINGS)
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.name = 'NotificationRead'
include ':app'

build.gradle（app文件夹） #

// Root project configuration
plugins {
    id 'com.android.application' version '8.6.0'
    id("org.codehaus.groovy.android") version "3.0.0"
}


// Repository configuration
repositories {
    google()
    mavenCentral()
}

final String mainPackageName = 'com.mikewarren.notificationRead'
final int androidSdkVersion = 36

android {
    namespace  mainPackageName
    compileSdk = androidSdkVersion
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId mainPackageName
        minSdk = 21
        targetSdk = androidSdkVersion
    }
}

// Dependencies
dependencies {
    runtimeOnly("androidx.core:core-ktx:1.16.0")
    runtimeOnly 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.7.0'
}

问题 #

在根目录执行gradle clean build时，我遇到了大量Kotlin类重复错误：

Duplicate class kotlin.collections.jdk8.CollectionsJDK8Kt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk7.JDK7PlatformImplementations found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk7.JDK7PlatformImplementations$ReflectSdkVersion found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk8.JDK8PlatformImplementations found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.internal.jdk8.JDK8PlatformImplementations$ReflectSdkVersion found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.ExperimentalPathApi found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathRelativizer found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt__PathReadWriteKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.io.path.PathsKt__PathUtilsKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.jdk7.AutoCloseableKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.jvm.jdk8.JvmRepeatableKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.random.jdk8.PlatformThreadLocalRandom found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$1 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$2 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$3 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.streams.jdk8.StreamsKt$asSequence$$inlined$Sequence$4 found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.text.jdk8.RegexExtensionsJDK8Kt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)
Duplicate class kotlin.time.jdk8.DurationConversionsJDK8Kt found in modules kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-1.8.22 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.22) and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar -> kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21 (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.6.21)

Go to the documentation to learn how to Fix dependency resolution errors.

注意：我的项目完全没有使用Kotlin，就算把build.gradle文件里的kotlin/ktx相关内容注释掉，还是会遇到同样的问题……

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mike Warren