如何通过键值对简化GitHub Workflow输入选项并在矩阵中使用？

问题背景 #

原本的Workflow配置可正常运行，但workflow_dispatch的输入选项是冗长的服务器ID字符串，在GitHub页面上难以阅读。尝试用env定义键值对替换为ALL/ALL2的简洁选项后，出现报错：

The workflow is not valid. Unrecognized named-value: 'env' within expression: fromJSON(format('[{0}]', env[inputs.package]))

核心原因：strategy.matrix在job初始化前解析，此时workflow级别的env还未加载，无法在matrix表达式中引用。

可行解决方案 #

方案一：硬编码映射表达式 #

直接在matrix中根据输入选项返回对应服务器数组，无需依赖env，保持输入简洁的同时解决解析问题：

name: test

on: 
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      package:
        description: The server where you wish to deploy & test your code.
        required: true
        type: choice
        options:
          - ALL
          - ALL2

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        package: ${{ 
          inputs.package == 'ALL' 
            ? fromJSON('["i-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","2-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","3-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"]')
            : fromJSON('["i-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","2-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","5-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"]')
        }}
    steps:
      # 替换为你的实际步骤
      - name: Print target server
        run: echo "Testing server: ${{ matrix.package }}"

方案二：使用仓库变量（推荐，便于维护） #

将服务器列表存储为仓库变量，实现配置与代码分离，后续修改无需改动Workflow文件：

1. 在仓库的Settings > Secrets and variables > Variables中添加两个变量：

   • ALL_SERVERS：值填写["i-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","2-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","3-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"]
   • ALL2_SERVERS：值填写["i-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","2-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","5-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"]

2. 修改Workflow配置：

name: test

on: 
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      package:
        description: The server where you wish to deploy & test your code.
        required: true
        type: choice
        options:
          - ALL
          - ALL2

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        package: ${{ 
          inputs.package == 'ALL' 
            ? fromJSON(vars.ALL_SERVERS)
            : fromJSON(vars.ALL2_SERVERS)
        }}
    steps:
      # 替换为你的实际步骤
      - name: Print target server
        run: echo "Testing server: ${{ matrix.package }}"

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Eric