EC2实例中JMeter WebDriver测试ChromeDriver会话创建失败求助

环境信息 #

• 运行环境：EC2 Linux实例
• 系统参数：os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '6.8.0-1026-aws'
• Java版本：11.0.26
• Chrome版本：135.0.7049.84，ChromeDriver版本与之匹配
• JMeter组件：
  • JMeter版本：5.4
  • WebDriver插件版本：4.13.0.2
  • Selenium依赖jar版本：4.13.0

测试执行命令 #

sh jmeter -n -t ../../<jmeter_path>/fe_automation.jmx -JfileName=<file_path>/file.csv -JthreadNumber=1 -JrampUp=1 -JloopCount=1

ChromeDriver配置已勾选：

• Headless模式
• Maximize browser window
• Create a new Browser at the start of each iteration

错误日志 #

2025-04-15 14:29:56,120 INFO o.a.j.t.JMeterThread: Thread started: PARAMETRIC Login su piattaforma 1-1
2025-04-15 14:29:56,932 ERROR o.a.j.t.JMeterThread: Error calling threadStarted
org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Could not start a new session. Response code 500. Message: session not created: probably user data directory is already in use, please specify a unique value for --user-data-dir argument, or don't use --user-data-dir 
Host info: host: 'ip-172-31-25-66', ip: '172.31.25.66'
Build info: version: '4.13.0', revision: 'ba948ece5b*'
System info: os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '6.8.0-1026-aws', java.version: '11.0.26'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Command: [null, newSession {capabilities=[Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [--remote-allow-origins=*, --start-maximized, --headless=new], extensions: []}, proxy: Proxy(direct)}]}]
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:140) ~[selenium-remote-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:96) ~[selenium-remote-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:68) ~[selenium-remote-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:163) ~[selenium-remote-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.invokeExecute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:196) ~[selenium-remote-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:171) ~[selenium-remote-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:602) ~[selenium-remote-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:236) ~[selenium-remote-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:163) ~[selenium-remote-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.chromium.ChromiumDriver.<init>(ChromiumDriver.java:108) ~[selenium-chromium-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:88) ~[selenium-chrome-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:83) ~[selenium-chrome-driver-4.13.0.jar:?]
    at com.googlecode.jmeter.plugins.webdriver.config.ChromeDriverConfig.createBrowser(ChromeDriverConfig.java:28) ~[jmeter-plugins-webdriver-4.13.0.2.jar:?]
    at com.googlecode.jmeter.plugins.webdriver.config.ChromeDriverConfig.createBrowser(ChromeDriverConfig.java:14) ~[jmeter-plugins-webdriver-4.13.0.2.jar:?]
    at com.googlecode.jmeter.plugins.webdriver.config.WebDriverConfig.getPreparedBrowser(WebDriverConfig.java:223) ~[jmeter-plugins-webdriver-4.13.0.2.jar:?]
    at com.googlecode.jmeter.plugins.webdriver.config.WebDriverConfig.threadStarted(WebDriverConfig.java:154) ~[jmeter-plugins-webdriver-4.13.0.2.jar:?]
    at org.apache.jmeter.threads.JMeterThread$ThreadListenerTraverser.addNode(JMeterThread.java:781) [ApacheJMeter_core.jar:5.4]
    at org.apache.jorphan.collections.HashTree.traverseInto(HashTree.java:993) [jorphan.jar:5.4]
    at org.apache.jorphan.collections.HashTree.traverse(HashTree.java:976) [jorphan.jar:5.4]
    at org.apache.jmeter.threads.JMeterThread.threadStarted(JMeterThread.java:749) [ApacheJMeter_core.jar:5.4]
    at org.apache.jmeter.threads.JMeterThread.initRun(JMeterThread.java:737) [ApacheJMeter_core.jar:5.4]
    at org.apache.jmeter.threads.JMeterThread.run(JMeterThread.java:252) [ApacheJMeter_core.jar:5.4]
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829) [?:?]
2025-04-15 14:29:57,143 ERROR o.a.j.t.JMeterThread: Test failed!

已尝试的排查步骤 #

• 在ChromeDriver配置中添加额外启动参数，但问题未解决
• 本地机器测试可正常执行，仅EC2环境出现问题

解决方案 #

1. 指定唯一用户数据目录 #

在ChromeDriver配置的Additional Command Line Arguments中添加：

--user-data-dir=/tmp/chrome-profile-${__threadNum}-${__time(yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS)}

通过JMeter内置函数生成线程ID+时间戳的唯一目录，避免多个会话复用同一用户数据目录导致冲突。

2. 清理残留Chrome进程 #

EC2环境中可能存在未正常退出的Chrome/Chromedriver进程，执行以下命令清理：

pkill -f chrome
pkill -f chromedriver

3. 添加Linux环境专属启动参数 #

补充以下参数解决Linux环境下的权限和资源限制问题：

--no-sandbox
--disable-dev-shm-usage

4. 检查文件权限 #

确保运行JMeter的用户对/tmp目录有读写权限，可执行以下命令验证：

ls -ld /tmp

若权限不足，调整目录权限：

chmod 777 /tmp

5. 确认组件版本兼容性 #

确保JMeter、WebDriver插件、Selenium jars三者版本完全匹配，当前使用的组合（JMeter5.4 + WebDriver4.13.0.2 + Selenium4.13.0）是兼容的，若问题仍存在可尝试更新插件至最新兼容版本。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者luigi6581