运行克隆仓库GBM_WSSM时TensorFlow加载失败求助

问题背景 #

运行GitHub仓库GBM_WSSM的代码时，持续触发以下错误：

Using TensorFlow backend.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\trans\source\repos\GBM_WSSM\.venv\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\platform\self_check.py", line 47, in preload_check
    ctypes.WinDLL(build_info.msvcp_dll_name)
  File "C:\Users\trans\AppData\Roaming\uv\python\cpython-3.7.9-windows-x86_64-none\lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 364, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: [WinError 126] The specified module could not be found

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "0_main.py", line 7, in <module>
    import keras
  File "C:\Users\trans\source\repos\GBM_WSSM\.venv\lib\site-packages\keras\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from . import utils
  File "C:\Users\trans\source\repos\GBM_WSSM\.venv\lib\site-packages\keras\utils\__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
    from . import conv_utils
  File "C:\Users\trans\source\repos\GBM_WSSM\.venv\lib\site-packages\keras\utils\conv_utils.py", line 9, in <module>
    from .. import backend as K
  File "C:\Users\trans\source\repos\GBM_WSSM\.venv\lib\site-packages\keras\backend\__init__.py", line 89, in <module>
    from .tensorflow_backend import *
  File "C:\Users\trans\source\repos\GBM_WSSM\.venv\lib\site-packages\keras\backend\tensorflow_backend.py", line 5, in <module>
    import tensorflow as tf
  File "C:\Users\trans\source\repos\GBM_WSSM\.venv\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow  # pylint: disable=unused-import
  File "C:\Users\trans\source\repos\GBM_WSSM\.venv\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
  File "C:\Users\trans\source\repos\GBM_WSSM\.venv\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 30, in <module>
    self_check.preload_check()
  File "C:\Users\trans\source\repos\GBM_WSSM\.venv\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\platform\self_check.py", line 55, in preload_check
    % build_info.msvcp_dll_name)
ImportError: Could not find 'msvcp140.dll'. TensorFlow requires that this DLL be installed in a directory that is named in your %PATH% environment variable. You may install this DLL by downloading Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable Update 3 from this URL: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=53587

当前环境：Windows 10 Pro，Python 3.7.9虚拟环境，已安装keras==2.2.4、pillow>=9.5.0、tensorflow==1.13.1。已尝试下载Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable Update 3，确认msvcp140.dll存在于system32文件夹且该文件夹已加入用户PATH变量，但问题仍未解决。

解决方案 #

• 安装对应架构的VC++ Redistributable：确保安装的是64位版本的Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable Update 3，与你的64位Python虚拟环境匹配。若仅安装32位版本，即使system32中有DLL，也无法被64位程序识别。
• 修复VC++ Redistributable安装：打开控制面板→程序和功能，找到已安装的Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable，右键选择「更改」，点击「修复」完成后重启电脑。
• 手动复制DLL到虚拟环境目录：确认system32中的msvcp140.dll为64位版本，将其复制到虚拟环境的Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python目录，或虚拟环境的Scripts目录下。
• 检查系统级PATH设置：确保system32目录在系统PATH中，而非仅用户PATH。部分情况下虚拟环境启动时不会加载用户PATH的最新配置，可通过命令行执行echo %PATH%查看实际生效的路径列表。
• 重新安装TensorFlow：先卸载当前版本，再重新安装指定版本，确保安装过程无报错：

  pip uninstall tensorflow -y
  pip install tensorflow==1.13.1
  

• 验证虚拟环境Python架构：运行以下命令确认虚拟环境为64位：

  python -c "import sys; print(sys.maxsize > 2**32)"
  

  若输出True则为64位，若为False需重新创建64位虚拟环境。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Michelle Latham