Windows 11下安装R包httpuv遇uv.h缺失错误求助

问题背景 #

在Windows 11设备上执行install.packages("httpuv")安装R包httpuv时，出现编译错误，提示找不到uv.h文件。

核心错误信息 #

thread.h:4:10: fatal error: uv.h: No such file or directory
    4 | #include <uv.h>
      |          ^~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make: *** [C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-45~1.0/etc/x64/Makeconf:296: callbackqueue.o] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'httpuv'

完整控制台输出 #

> install.packages("httpuv")

  There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
       binary source needs_compilation
httpuv 1.6.15 1.6.16              TRUE

installing the source package ‘httpuv’

trying URL 'http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/httpuv_1.6.16.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1890033 bytes (1.8 MB)
downloaded 1.8 MB

* installing *source* package 'httpuv' ...
** this is package 'httpuv' version '1.6.16'
** package 'httpuv' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation

   **********************************************
   WARNING: this package has a configure script
         It probably needs manual configuration
   **********************************************


** libs
make: pkg-config: No such file or directory
using C compiler: 'gcc.exe (x86_64-posix-seh-rev2, Built by MinGW-Builds project) 14.2.0'
using C++ compiler: 'G__~1.EXE (x86_64-posix-seh-rev2, Built by MinGW-Builds project) 14.2.0'
make: pkg-config: No such file or directory
g++ -std=gnu++17  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-45~1.0/include" -DNDEBUG -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -DSTRICT_R_HEADERS -I'C:/Program Files/R/R-4.5.0/library/later/include' -I'C:/Program Files/R/R-4.5.0/library/Rcpp/include'   -I"c:/rtools45/x86_64-w64-mingw32.static.posix/include"    -DSTRICT_R_HEADERS   -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign    -c RcppExports.cpp -o RcppExports.o
g++ -std=gnu++17  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-45~1.0/include" -DNDEBUG -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -DSTRICT_R_HEADERS -I'C:/Program Files/R/R-4.5.0/library/later/include' -I'C:/Program Files/R/R-4.5.0/library/Rcpp/include'   -I"c:/rtools45/x86_64-w64-mingw32.static.posix/include"    -DSTRICT_R_HEADERS   -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign    -c callback.cpp -o callback.o
g++ -std=gnu++17  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-45~1.0/include" -DNDEBUG -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -DSTRICT_R_HEADERS -I'C:/Program Files/R/R-4.5.0/library/later/include' -I'C:/Program Files/R/R-4.5.0/library/Rcpp/include'   -I"c:/rtools45/x86_64-w64-mingw32.static.posix/include"    -DSTRICT_R_HEADERS   -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign    -c callbackqueue.cpp -o callbackqueue.o
In file included from tqueue.h:7,
                 from callbackqueue.h:4,
                 from callbackqueue.cpp:2:
thread.h:4:10: fatal error: uv.h: No such file or directory
    4 | #include <uv.h>
      |          ^~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make: *** [C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-45~1.0/etc/x64/Makeconf:296: callbackqueue.o] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'httpuv'
* removing 'C:/Program Files/R/R-4.5.0/library/httpuv'
* restoring previous 'C:/Program Files/R/R-4.5.0/library/httpuv'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘httpuv’ had non-zero exit status

会话信息 #

R version 4.5.0 (2025-04-11 ucrt)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64
Running under: Windows 11 x64 (build 26100)

Matrix products: default
  LAPACK version 3.12.1

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.utf8  LC_CTYPE=English_United States.utf8    LC_MONETARY=English_United States.utf8
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                           LC_TIME=English_United States.utf8    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] compiler_4.5.0    tools_4.5.0       rstudioapi_0.17.1

已安装环境信息 #

已安装Rtools，执行Sys.which("make")输出：

> Sys.which("make")
                              make 
"C:\\rtools44\\usr\\bin\\make.exe" 

解决建议 #

• 优先安装二进制版本：控制台提示有可用的二进制版本（1.6.15），无需编译。执行以下命令强制安装：

  install.packages("httpuv", type = "binary")
  

• 匹配Rtools版本：当前使用R 4.5.0，对应Rtools版本应为Rtools45，但当前使用的是Rtools44，版本不匹配导致依赖缺失。卸载Rtools44，安装Rtools45，安装时勾选"Add Rtools to system PATH"选项。
• 修复pkg-config缺失：错误提示pkg-config: No such file or directory，Rtools45包含该工具，安装正确版本后会自动加入系统路径。
• 手动安装libuv依赖（源码安装需求）：若必须安装源码版，先通过Rtools的pacman工具安装libuv：pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-libuv，再重新执行源码安装命令。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nikos